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Smart cities are considered to be a relevant concept that bridges the relation between technology and society. It assumes the management reserves in human society that can be exploited by different technological tools, that would be able to learn behavior patterns and adjust different aspects of life accordingly. However, this technologically driven social concept did not take into consideration one of the most important elements of the improved management equation; human, human nature and human behaviour. As well it has little or no regard for the democratic restrictions that are packed in the context of civil and political rights. And it has no interest in the long term effect of the use of smart technology for the development of human skills. In this manner, the article is conceptualized as a critique and discussion of overlooked elements that are reducing the effectiveness of the (smart) technologies on one hand, and on the other hand, they are simultaneously reducing the creative potential of human daily life. Despite the idea of smart societies seems to be beneficial, in general, especially on a macro level, it is considered to be limiting the creative potential of individuals even to the level of their mental deterioration. ; Inteligentne miasta są uważane za istotną koncepcję, stanowiącą pomost pomiędzy technologią a społeczeństwem. Przejmuje ona rezerwy zarządzania w społeczeństwie ludzkim, które mogą być wykorzystane przez różne narzędzia technologiczne, mogące uczyć się wzorców zachowań i odpowiednio dostosowywać różne aspekty życia. Jednak ta koncepcja społeczna napędzana technologią nie bierze pod uwagę jednego z najważniejszych elementów równania ulepszonego zarządzania: człowieka, ludzkiej natury i ludzkiego zachowania. W bardzo małym stopniu lub wcale nie uwzględnia ona również demokratycznych ograniczeń, które mieszczą się w kontekście praw obywatelskich i politycznych. Nie interesuje się też długoterminowymi skutkami wykorzystania inteligentnych technologii dla rozwoju ludzkich umiejętności. W ten sposób artykuł przybiera formę krytyki i dyskusji nad przeoczonymi elementami, które z jednej strony obniżają efektywność (inteligentnych) technologii, a z drugiej jednocześnie redukują potencjał twórczy ludzkiej codzienności. Mimo że idea inteligentnych społeczeństw wydaje się być korzystna, to generalnie, zwłaszcza w skali makro, uważa się, że ogranicza ona potencjał twórczy jednostek nawet do poziomu ich degradacji psychicznej.

Smart cities are considered to be a relevant concept that bridges the relation between technology and society. It assumes the management reserves in human society that can be exploited by different technological tools, that would be able to learn behaviour patterns and adjust different aspects of life accordingly. However, this technologically driven social concept did not take into consideration one of the most important elements of the improved management equation; human, human nature and human behaviour. As well, it has little or no regard for the democratic restrictions that are packed in the context of civil and political rights. And it has no interest in the long term effect of the use of smart technology for the development of human skills. In this manner, the article is conceptualized as a critique and discussion of overlooked elements that are reducing the effectiveness of the (smart) technologies on one hand, and on the other hand, they are simultaneously reducing the creative potential of human daily life. Despite the idea of smart societies seems to be beneficial, in general, especially on a macro level, it is considered to be limiting the creative potential of individuals even to the level of their mental deterioration. ; Inteligentne miasta są uważane za istotną koncepcję, stanowiącą pomost pomiędzy technologią a społeczeństwem. Przejmuje ona rezerwy zarządzania w społeczeństwie ludzkim, które mogą być wykorzystane przez różne narzędzia technologiczne, mogące uczyć się wzorców zachowań i odpowiednio dostosowywać różne aspekty życia. Jednak ta koncepcja społeczna napędzana technologią nie bierze pod uwagę jednego z najważniejszych elementów równania ulepszonego zarządzania: człowieka, ludzkiej natury i ludzkiego zachowania. W bardzo małym stopniu lub wcale nie uwzględnia ona również demokratycznych ograniczeń, które mieszczą się w kontekście praw obywatelskich i politycznych. Nie interesuje się też długoterminowymi skutkami wykorzystania inteligentnych technologii dla rozwoju ludzkich umiejętności. ...

The article is trying to understand the reasons for the poor implementation of e-state tools as the principle of overcoming the bureaucratic processes. In this manner it follows the question of motivation which is further supplemented by survey results from Slovenia, showing general lack of motivation measured through the ignorance of technology potentials as well as of existing threats. The main argument of the article is, that lack of motivation will block any reform attempts by creating a negative human environment.

U članku se razmatraju značajke e-upravljanja i e-komuniciranja, kao važnih elemenata novog upravljanja javnim sektorom. Autor ističe da je jedno od najvažnijih načela novog upravljanja javnim usmjerenost prema korisniku. Tim se načelom osigurava pomak od Weberovog tipa birokratske uprave, ograničene na hijerarhijske postupke, k fl eksibilnoj, i korisnicima (građanima) bliskoj i susretljivoj javnoj upravi. Nakon toga autor razmatra rezultate istraživanja e-komuniciranja slovenske javne uprave s građanima, promatrajući slanje elektronskih poruka (pitanja) građana na opću elektronsku adresu upravne institucije. U samom istraživanju, elektronska poruka bila je poslana najvažnijim institucijama javne uprave i državnim institucijama. Na osnovi rezultata istraživanja autor zaključuje da je Slovenija uspjela postići neke osnovne elemente neophodne za razvoj elektronskog upravljanja, te elektronske komunikacije između građana i državne uprave. No, autor zaključuje da je u Sloveniji neophodna dodatna reforma javne uprave u smislu njezine informatizacije, koja će stimulirati promjene u upravnoj kulturi službenika i povećanje njihove spremnosti za rad u fl eksibilnoj radnoj okolini. ; The article deals with features of e-governance and e-communication, as important elements of new management of the public sector. The author points out that one of the most important principles of new management is customer orientation. This principle ensures a move from the Weberian type of bureaucratic administration, limited to hierarchical procedures, towards a fl exible and user (citizen) friendly public administration. The author considers the results of a study of e-communication of the Slovenian civil service with citizens; he observes the sending of e-mail messages (questions) by citizens to the general e-mail address of an administrative institution. In the study, messages have been sent to the most important institutions of civil service and government institutions. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that ...

Author in the article tries to analyse different elements of document called European Constitution. Analysis is supported with theoretical framework of federalism, presented by Brezovšek. Authors is playing with idea of (con)federal and international organization elements of European Constitution and their mix. They are also trying to set some connections between so called common European identity as necessary condition to give legitimacy to the European Constitution. This became important question after "votes of non-confidence" to the European Constitution in France, despite it should be addressed already before. However, European Constitution is important document on the path of European integration and lack of support to it will slow down this process of widening and deepening European ties.

Abstract
Path dependence is a concept often used by scholars in fields such as economics, economic geography, political science, law and sociology to explain recent developments. In this article, we apply the concept to support the hypothesis that the democratic revival after 1990 in the examined Central and Eastern European countries and related set-up of local (self-) government institutions were more influenced by an earlier path taken than by a more recent one. For this purpose, we undertake a content analysis of relevant legal documents and apply an in-depth comparative approach.

We compare characteristics of local self-government systems in Lithuania and Slovakia in the article and try to identify main differences and similarities within the field of inter-municipal cooperation. We suppose that size structure of local governments has impact on inter-municipal cooperation – the more consolidated structure, the less intensive inter-municipal cooperation. We base our hypothesis on a statement that inter-municipal cooperation is considered a crucial instrument to overcome shortages linked to fragmented structure of local governments. For this purpose we analyze data obtained by means of interviews with local officials. Besides, we analyze content of various relevant legal and planning documents.